4.4. Ignatius and Hellenistic Judaism. Rather different is the problem of the relation between Ignatius and Hellenistic Judaism. Parallels involving Philo, Josephus, and others are frequently noted in this commentary. Philo, of course, is particularly well represented. It is often the case, however, that references to pagan sources seem as relevant as references to Philo; and in any event, the cumulative weight of the parallels is not overwhelming. Yet it would be wrong to underestimate their importance.